Marijuana, also known as cannabis, has long been a topic of debate in both medical and public health circles. As more states and countries legalize its use for medical and recreational purposes, it’s increasingly important to understand the medical reasons behind its use—and the potential effects it can have on the body and mind.
Medical Causes for Marijuana Use
When prescribed by a physician, marijuana is typically used for its therapeutic properties. Its active compounds—primarily THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol)—interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in regulating pain, mood, appetite, and memory.
Some common medical reasons for marijuana use include:
1. Chronic Pain Management
Cannabis is widely used to treat persistent pain, especially in patients who have not responded well to traditional pain medications. It can be helpful for conditions such as fibromyalgia, arthritis, and nerve-related pain.
2. Cancer Symptom Relief
Medical marijuana is often used by cancer patients to manage nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. It may also help stimulate appetite in those experiencing weight loss or anorexia due to treatment.
3. Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders
CBD, a non-psychoactive compound in cannabis, has been shown to reduce seizures in individuals with severe forms of epilepsy, including Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The FDA-approved drug Epidiolex is a CBD-based treatment for these conditions.
4. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Some patients with MS use marijuana to reduce muscle spasms and stiffness. It may also help alleviate pain and improve sleep in these patients.
5. Mental Health Conditions
Although controversial, cannabis is sometimes used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, PTSD, and depression. However, its effects can vary widely depending on the strain, dosage, and individual.
Effects of Marijuana Use
While marijuana has potential therapeutic benefits, it can also cause short-term and long-term effects on the body and brain.
Short-Term Effects
These typically occur immediately after use and can vary based on the dose and method of consumption:
- Euphoria or “high” (due to THC)
- Altered perception of time and space
- Increased appetite (“the munchies”)
- Dry mouth and red eyes
- Impaired memory and attention
- Anxiety or paranoia, especially at high doses or in first-time users
Long-Term Effects
Chronic marijuana use, particularly when begun at an early age, may lead to more significant concerns:
- Cognitive impairments: Long-term use can affect learning, memory, and attention, particularly in adolescents.
- Respiratory issues: Smoking marijuana may lead to chronic bronchitis-like symptoms, although it does not appear to carry the same cancer risks as tobacco smoke.
- Dependency and withdrawal: While not as addictive as some substances, marijuana can lead to cannabis use disorder, characterized by cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and loss of control over use.
- Mental health effects: Long-term, heavy use has been linked to an increased risk of psychosis, especially in individuals with a genetic predisposition or underlying mental health conditions.
Final Thoughts
Marijuana can be a powerful medical tool for a variety of health conditions, but it’s not without risks. The decision to use cannabis for medical purposes should always be made in consultation with a qualified healthcare provider, considering both the potential benefits and side effects.
As research continues and policies evolve, a better understanding of marijuana’s medical applications will help guide safer, more effective use in both clinical and personal settings.
Michael J McCluskey 